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Perinatal depression: detection and treatment

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Depression in women during their childbearing years is common. Routine depression screening coupled with multidisciplinary collaborative care models integrating case management is paramount. Risk factors for perinatal depression include previous history of depression, interpersonal conflict and limited social support. Antenatal depression may lead to poor pregnancy outcomes, such as pre-eclampsia, insufficient weight gain, decreased compliance with prenatal care and premature labor, and continue into postpartum depression, which in turn pose a risk for mother–infant bonding and subsequent child socioemotional development. Currently available literature suggests that overall, the risks of antidepressant use in pregnancy/lactation are small relative to the risks due to maternal untreated illness itself; however, for decision-making, careful individualized risk–benefit analysis and informed consent from the affected patient are crucial. Current guidelines suggest nonpharmacological treat...
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Personality Profiles Associated with Cognitive Functioning after Three Years of Follow-up in People with Schizophrenia

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Objectives: Personality abnormalities appear to be related to the cognitive deficits in patients with chronic schizophrenia. However, few studies have explicitly addressed the nature of the association through a longitudinal design. Method: Twenty-five patients with schizophrenia and age-matched with 25 healthy individuals were recruited into the study. Each participant received the big five inventory (Mini-Marker), and neuropsychological tests (WCST, go/ no go task). A follow-up was conducted three years later, and participants were asked to complete the same set of neuropsychological tests. Results: Correlation analysis showed that neuroticism was positively correlated with total response errors and negatively correlated with total categories completed of WCST in schizophrenia (r=0.41, p<0.05; r=-0.43, p<0.05, respectively). Conscientiousness was positively associated with the median reaction time in the go/ no go task (r=0.44, p<0.05). At baseline, the healthy g...
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Parenting Style and Parents Level of Stress having Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (CWASD): A Study based on Northern India

The present study focuses on the type of parenting style used by the parents who were undergoing different level of stress when dealing with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. A total number 320 Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (CWASD), from two major cities of northern India were purposely selected for the study. Out of which most of the respondents were mothers (75%) and only 25% respondents were fathers. Two questionnaires (Parenting style Dimension Questionnaire and Parenting Stress Index-Short form) and demographic details were used to obtain information. The finding of the result indicates that the mothers’ tend to use more permissive form of parenting in comparison to the fathers. Authoritarian parenting style was used by parents with children having severe form autism spectrum disorder. Parents reported high level of stress when dealing with adolescence children as in comparison with pre- adolescence children and it was also seen that Permissive style ...
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Our experts highlight the most important research articles across the spectrum of topics relevant to the field of neuropsychiatry

Prospective cohort studies of individuals with a baseline diagnosis of major depression show rates of diagnostic conversion to bipolar disorder (BPD) of approximately 10–20% (range: 4.0–48.6%). For more details Abstract:   http://www.jneuropsychiatry.org/abstract/our-experts-highlight-the-most-important-research-articles-across-the-spectrum-of-topics-relevant-to-the-field-of-neurop-5935.html PDF Link:  http://www.jneuropsychiatry.org/peer-review/our-experts-highlight-the-most-important-research-articles-across-the-spectrum-of-topics-relevant-to-the-field-of-neuropsychiatry-neuropsychiatry.pdf
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Our expert highlights the most important research articles across the spectrum of topics relevant to the field of neuropsychiatry

Author(s):  Jonathan E Alpert As many as 30% of veterans meet lifetime criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The prevalence of PTSD among veterans underscores the importance of elucidating the pathophysiology of PTSD, while also identifying the neural mechanisms related to resilience. PDF Link:  http://www.jneuropsychiatry.org/peer-review/our-expert-highlights-the-most-important-research-articles-across-the-spectrum-of-topics-relevant-to-the-field--of-neuropsychiatry-neuropsychiatry.pdf
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Optimized Anesthesia to Alleviate Postoperative Cognition Decline in Female Middle-Aged Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Myomectomy: A Pilot Study

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Objective  The purpose of this randomized, single-center study was to clarify the impact of anesthetic regimens for laparoscopic myomectomy on the release of cytokines (interleukin IL-1β, IL-2R IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, C-reactive protein (CRP) and to ascertain that whether a combination of intravenous and inhalational anesthesia compared with inhalational anesthesia attenuates the inflammatory response and cognitive impairment. Methods  We enrolled 90 patients undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy (LM), and allocated them into three groups of 30 to receive high concentration sevoflurane (S group), low concentration sevoflurane with dexmedetomidine (SD) or with propofol (SP) in combine with remifentanil and cis-atracurium. The lungs were maintained normocapnia with mechanically ventilated. If the mean arterial pressure and the heart rate increased by >30% from baseline, remifentanil infusion was adjusted. The depth of anesthesia was modulated to mainta...
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Obstructive sleep apnea and retinal microvascular characteristics: a brief review

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes intermittent nocturnal hypoxemia and is associated with obesity, diabetes, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension, possibly leading to micro- and macro-vascular disease. OSA has been associated with higher risk of clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) independent of traditional risk factors and severity of atherosclerosis. Microvascular disease may be a potential mediator for the association of OSA with clinical CVD. However, evidence for the association between OSA and microvascular dysfunction is conflicting. Since the retinal microvasculature is structurally and functionally similar to microvasculature elsewhere in the body and can be directly visualized via ophthalmoscopy, several studies have assessed the relationship of OSA with retinal microvascular characteristics but shown inconsistent results. Notably, the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA) recently revealed that the associations of OSA severity with retinal mic...
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